Solution manual for “Introduction to Management Science: Quantitative Approaches.

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Solution manual for An Introduction to Management Science: Quantitative Approaches to Decision Making 14th Edition by David R. Anderson

Chapter 1 Introduction

Case Problem: Scheduling a Golf League

Note to Instructor: This case problem illustrates the value of the rational management science approach. The problem is easy to understand and, at first glance, appears simple. But, most students will have trouble finding a solution. The solution procedure suggested involves decomposing a larger problem into a series of smaller problems that are easier to solve. The case provides students with a good first look at the kinds of problems where management science is applied in practice. The problem is a real one that one of the authors was asked by the Head Professional at Royal Oak Country Club for help with. 

Solution: Scheduling problems such as this occur frequently, and are often difficult to solve.  The typical approach is to use trial and error.  An alternative approach involves breaking the larger problem into a series of smaller problems.  We show how this can be done here using what we call the Red, White, and Blue algorithm.

Suppose we break the 18 couples up into 3 divisions, referred to as the Red, White, and Blue divisions.  The six couples in the Red division can then be identified as R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6; the six couples in the White division can be identified as W1, W2,…, W6; and the six couples in the Blue division can be identified as B1, B2,…, B6.  We begin by developing a schedule for the first 5 weeks of the season so that each couple plays every other couple in its own division.  This can be done fairly easily by trial and error.  Shown below is the first 5-week schedule for the Red division.

Week 1

Week 2

Week 3

Week 4

Week 5

R1 vs. R2

R1 vs. R3

R1 vs. R4

R1 vs. R5

R1 vs. R6

R3 vs. R4

R2 vs. R5

R2 vs. R6

R2 vs. R4

R2 vs. R3

R5 vs. R6

R4 vs. R6

R3 vs. R5

R3 vs. R6

R4 vs. R5

Similar 5-week schedules can be developed for the White and Blue divisions by replacing the R in the above table with a W or a B. 

To develop the schedule for the next 3 weeks, we create 3 new six-couple divisions by pairing 3 of the teams in each division with 3 of the teams in another division; for example, (R1, R2, R3, W1, W2, W3), (B1, B2, B3, R4, R5, R6), and (W4, W5, W6, B4, B5, B6).  Within each of these new divisions, matches can be scheduled for 3 weeks without any couples playing a couple they have played before.  For instance, a 3-week schedule for the first of these divisions is shown below:

Week 6

Week 7

Week 8

R1 vs. W1

R1 vs. W2

R1 vs. W3

R2 vs. W2

R2 vs. W3

R2 vs. W1

R3 vs. W3

R3 vs. W1

R3 vs. W2

A similar 3-week schedule can be easily set up for the other two new divisions.  This will provide us with a schedule for the first 8 weeks of the season.

For the final 9 weeks, we continue to create new divisions by pairing 3 teams from the original Red, White and Blue divisions with 3 teams from the other divisions that they have not yet been paired with.  Then a 3-week schedule is developed as above.  Shown below is a set of divisions for the next 9 weeks.

Weeks 9-11

(R1, R2, R3, W4, W5, W6) (W1, W2, W3, B1, B2, B3) (R4, R5, R6, B4, B5, B6)

Weeks 12-14

(R1, R2, R3, B1, B2, B3) (W1, W2, W3, B4, B5, B6) (W4, W5, W6, R4, R5, R6)

Weeks 15-17

(R1, R2, R3, B4, B5, B6) (W1, W2, W3, R4, R5, R6) (W4, W5, W6, B1, B2, B3)

This Red, White and Blue scheduling procedure provides a schedule with every couple playing every other couple over the 17-week season.  If one of the couples should cancel, the schedule can be modified easily.  Designate the couple that cancels, say R4, as the Bye couple.  Then whichever couple is scheduled to play couple R4 will receive a Bye in that week.  With only 17 couples a Bye must be scheduled for one team each week.

This same scheduling procedure can obviously be used for scheduling sports teams and or any other kinds of matches involving 17 or 18 teams.  Modifications of the Red, White and Blue algorithm can be employed for 15 or 16 team leagues and other numbers of teams.

 Chapter 2

An Introduction to Linear Programming Case Problem 1: Workload Balancing

1.

Production Rate

(minutes per printer)

Model

Line 1

Line 2

Profit Contribution ($)

DI-910

3

4

42

DI-950

6

2

87

Capacity: 8 hours 60 minutes/hour = 480 minutes per day

Let D1 = number of units of the DI-910 produced

D2 = number of units of the DI-950 produced

Max

42D1

87D2

s.t.

3D1

6D2

≤

480

Line 1 Capacity

4D1

2D2

≤

480

Line 2 Capacity

  D1, D2 ≥ 0

The optimal solution is D1 = 0, D2 = 80. The value of the optimal solution is $6960.

Management would not implement this solution because no units of the DI-910 would be produced.

2. Adding the constraint D1 ≥ D2 and resolving the linear program results in the optimal solution D1 = 53.333, D2 = 53.333. The value of the optimal solution is $6880.

3. Time spent on Line 1: 3(53.333) 6(53.333) = 480 minutes

Time spent on Line 2: 4(53.333) 2(53.333) = 320 minutes

Thus, the solution does not balance the total time spent on Line 1 and the total time spent on Line 2. This might be a concern to management if no other work assignments were available for the employees on Line 2.

4. Let T1 = total time spent on Line 1

T2 = total time spent on Line 2

Whatever the value of T2 is, 

T1 ≤  T2 30

T1 ≥  T2 – 30

Thus, with T1 = 3D1 6D2 and T2 = 4D1 2D2

3D1 6D2  ≤  4D1 2D2 30

3D1 6D2  ≥  4D1 2D2 − 30

Hence,

−1D1 4D2  ≤ 30

−1D1 4D2  ≥ −30

Rewriting the second constraint by multiplying both sides by -1, we obtain 

−1D1 4D2  ≤ 30

1D1 − 4D2  ≤ 30

Adding these two constraints to the linear program formulated in part (2) and resolving we obtain the optimal solution D1 = 96.667, D2 = 31.667. The value of the optimal solution is $6815. Line 1 is scheduled for 480 minutes and Line 2 for 450 minutes. The effect of workload balancing is to reduce the total contribution to profit by $6880 – $6815 = $65 per shift.

5. The optimal solution is D1 = 106.667, D2 = 26.667. The total profit contribution is 

42(106.667) 87(26.667) = $6800

Comparing the solutions to part (4) and part (5), maximizing the number of printers produced (106.667 26.667 = 133.33) has increased the production by 133.33 – (96.667 31.667) = 5 printers but has reduced profit contribution by $6815 – $6800 = $15. But, this solution results in perfect workload balancing because the total time spent on each line is 480 minutes.

Case Problem 2: Production Strategy

1. Let BP100  =  the number of BodyPlus 100 machines produced

BP200  =  the number of BodyPlus 200 machines produced

Max

371BP100

461BP200

 s.t.

8BP100

12BP200

≤

600

Machining and Welding

5BP100

10BP200

≤

450

Painting and Finishing

    2BP100

2BP200

≤

140

Assembly, Test, and Packaging

-0.25BP100

0.75BP200

≥

0

BodyPlus 200 Requirement

BP100, BP200 ≥ 0

The “Solution Manual for An Introduction to Management Science: Quantitative Approaches to Decision Making, 14th Edition” by David R. Anderson is an essential companion resource designed to aid students and instructors in understanding and applying the quantitative methods presented in the textbook. The 14th edition of this textbook is widely used in business and management courses to teach students how to use quantitative techniques to make informed and effective decisions.

Key Features and Content of the Solution Manual:

  1. Comprehensive Solutions to Textbook Problems:
    • The solution manual provides detailed, step-by-step solutions to all the problems and exercises presented in the 14th edition of the textbook. This includes solutions for quantitative methods such as linear programming, forecasting, decision analysis, inventory management, and project scheduling.
  2. Methodical Approach:
    • Each solution is presented in a clear and methodical manner, ensuring that students can follow the logic and reasoning behind each step. This helps students understand not just the final answer, but also the process of arriving at that answer.
  3. Application of Quantitative Techniques:
    • The manual covers a wide range of quantitative techniques that are essential for decision making in management science, including:
      • Linear Programming: Solutions to problems involving optimization of resources under constraints.
      • Transportation and Assignment Models: Methods for solving logistical problems related to transportation and assignment of tasks or resources.
      • Network Models: Solutions to problems involving network analysis, such as the shortest path, maximal flow, and project scheduling using PERT/CPM.
      • Decision Analysis: Approaches to making decisions under uncertainty, including the use of decision trees and sensitivity analysis.
      • Inventory Models: Solutions to problems involving inventory control and management, including the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model.
      • Simulation: Detailed solutions for problems involving the use of simulation models to analyze complex systems.
  4. Real-World Applications:
    • The solution manual includes examples that are based on real-world business scenarios, allowing students to see how the quantitative techniques they are learning can be applied in actual decision-making situations. This practical approach helps bridge the gap between theory and practice.
  5. Support for Learning and Teaching:
    • For students, the solution manual serves as a valuable tool for self-study, helping them verify their answers and understand the methodology behind each solution. For instructors, it offers a reliable resource for preparing teaching materials and grading assignments.
  6. Clear Explanations:
    • The solutions are explained in a manner that is easy to understand, even for students who may be new to the concepts of management science. Each step is accompanied by explanations that clarify why certain methods or techniques are used.
  7. Graphical and Mathematical Solutions:
    • Where applicable, the solution manual includes both graphical and mathematical solutions to problems, allowing students to see different approaches to solving the same problem. This dual approach enhances understanding and flexibility in problem-solving.
  8. Coverage of Advanced Topics:
    • In addition to basic techniques, the solution manual also provides solutions for more advanced topics covered in the textbook, such as integer programming, nonlinear programming, and multi-criteria decision making.

Benefits of Using the Solution Manual:

  • Enhanced Understanding: By providing detailed solutions, the manual helps students gain a deeper understanding of complex quantitative methods and their applications.
  • Study Aid: It serves as an excellent study aid, allowing students to practice problem-solving and check their work against correct solutions.
  • Instructor Resource: For instructors, the manual is a valuable resource for creating lesson plans, quizzes, and exams, as well as for providing additional support to students.

Conclusion:

The “Solution Manual for An Introduction to Management Science: Quantitative Approaches to Decision Making, 14th Edition” by David R. Anderson is a crucial resource for both students and instructors. It provides clear, detailed solutions to all the exercises in the textbook, helping students develop a solid understanding of the quantitative techniques that are essential for decision-making in business and management. This manual not only aids in mastering the material but also enhances the learning experience by showing how these techniques can be applied in real-world situations.

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